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解決pi的unmet dependencies報錯

标签:linux, pi


起因

想給pi裝個zabbix來監控系統狀態,在zabbix官網下載了一個xz的壓縮包。解壓後才知道xz是一種解壓後會自動運行腳本的壓縮包,它自動寫入了一些文件到系統路徑,同時自動啟動了zabbix-agent後臺進程。 這種壓縮包其實是非常危險的,就像病毒一樣,你一觸發它,它有權限在你毫不知情的情況下做任何事。 果然,隨後我想重啟php-fpm時就報錯找不到相關庫文件了:

error while loading shared libraries: libcurl.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解決過程

常規做法:google出錯信息

當php啟動提示加載不到庫時,直覺告訴我這只是其中一個異象,實質的問題仍未暴露。 然後我嘗試用apt-get安裝另一個軟件包時,真正的報錯出現了,提示如下:

Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies: curl : Depends: libcurl3-gnutls (= 7.47.0-1) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

關鍵在於unmet dependencies這個提示,明顯是apt的依賴關係被破壞了。於是我google了一下這個關鍵詞。很快看到了好幾個stackoverflow上的類似問題,我選擇了搜索結果的第一個來嘗試。這裡給出鏈接

以下是我在pi3上的修復過程

  • 清除一些本地倉庫裏的軟件包及數據庫: sudo apt-get clean
  • fix被破壞的依賴關係 sudo apt-get -f install 若提示有些包不再需要用到:

Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done Calculating upgrade… The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: pypy-upstream-doc Use ‘apt-get autoremove’ to remove it.

則用命令刪除之:sudo apt-get autoremove

  • 再fix一次: ` sudo apt-get -f install 同樣,若提示需要autoremove,則執行一次sudo apt-get autoremove`

  • sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade

若提示有”held packages”,則用以下命令清除之,再執行上面的命令,直接沒有”held packages”提示為止。

sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade

最終會提示如下:

0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  • sudo apt-get autoclean

  • 最後,缺什麼軟件就用apt-get install安裝即可,依賴已修復

結論

其實很簡單,把命令連起來就是以下:

sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get autoclean && sudo apt-get -f install && sudo dpkg-reconfigure -a && && sudo apt-get autoclean


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